Salalanka

Salalanka …A Thai plant significant the history of Buddhism

Salalanga, known commonly as Cannon Ball Tree, was believed to be the plant beneath which Buddha was born. The plant was originally found in Srilanka and India.

Rose

A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, and the flower of this shrub. There are more than a hundred species of wild roses, all from the northern hemisphere and mostly from temperate regions. The species form a group of generally prickly shrubs or climbers, and sometimes trailing plants, reaching 2–5 metres tall, occasionally reaching as high as 20 metres by climbing over other plants.
The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Armenian vard, Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).
Rose hips are sometimes eaten, mainly for their vitamin C content. They are usually pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup, as the fine hairs surrounding the seeds are unpleasant to eat (resembling itching powder). They can also be used to make herbal tea, jam, jelly and marmalade. A rose that has aged or gone rotten may not be particularly fragrant, but the rose's basic chemistry prevents it from producing a pungent odor of any kind. Notably, when balled and mashed together the fragrance of the rose is enhanced. The fragrance of particularly large balls of mashed roses is enhanced even further. Rose hips are also used to produce an oil used in skin products. Rose shrubs are often used by homeowners and landscape architects for home security purposes. The sharp thorns of many rose species deter unauthorized persons from entering private properties, and may prevent break-ins if planted under windows and near drainpipes. The aesthetic characteristics of rose shrubs, in conjunction with their home security qualities, makes them a considerable alternative to artificial fences and walls

Gomme à effacer

Dans le domaine du dessin et de l'écriture, la gomme est un objet mou, en caoutchouc ou en matière plastique, qui sert à effacer les traits faits par l’encre ou le crayon mine

Historique

Jusqu’au XVIIe siècle les traits sont effacés en grattant le support avec une lame. Toutefois, vers 1400, un certain Chennini, dans un livre destiné aux peintres, recommande d’effacer les traits de mine de plomb ou de fusain avec de la mie de pain.La découverte du latex en Amazonie (tiré de la sève de l’Hévéa) amène les savants européens à chercher des applications pour cette matière souple et élastique. Dans une communication à l’Académie des Sciences de 1751, Charles Marie de la Condamine, découvreur du latex encourage ses auditeurs à en « étudier les propriétés et rechercher le parti que l’on pourrait en tirer ». La première application, et curieusement pendant près de cinquante ans la seule, sera celle d’effacer les traits de crayon mine. En 1770, un scientifique britannique Joseph Priestley note « j’ai vu une substance parfaitement adaptée à l’effacement des marques de crayon de graphite sur le papier ». Cette utilisation d’effacer en frottant (to rub) donnera son nom anglais au caoutchouc « rubber ». En 1770 les premières gommes en latex sont vendues en Angleterre par Edward Naime au prix très élevé de trois shillings le petit cube d’un demi-pouce. Ces gommes à effacer devenaient noires et étaient vendues sous le nom de « peau de nègre ».La latex est une matière végétale naturelle, il brunit et durcit à l’air puis se dégrade et pourrit comme tout produit alimentaire. L’utilisation de ces premières gommes était peu pratique. La découverte de la vulcanisation par Charles Goodyear en 1839 modifia complètement l’usage du latex qui devient le caoutchouc imputrescible, résistant au froid et à la chaleur, non collant, etc. En devenant plus pratique, la gomme à effacer se démocratise à partir de la moitié du XIXe siècle. Le premier brevet de gomme emmanchée à l’extrémité d’un crayon est déposé en 1878 aux USA.

In the field of the drawing and writing, the gum is a soft object, out of rubber or out of plastic, which is used to erase the features made by ink or the pencil mines.

History

Until the XVIIe century the features are unobtrusive by scraping the support with a blade. However, about 1400, certain Chennini, in a book intended for the painters, recommends to erase the features of charcoal or black lead with bread crumb. The discovery of latex in Amazonia (drawn from the sap of Hévéa) leads the European scientists to seek applications for this flexible and elastic matter. In a communication with the Academy of Science of 1751, Charles Marie of Condamine, discoverer of latex encourages his listeners of "to study the properties and to seek the party which one could draw". The first application, and curiously during nearly fifty years only, will be that to erase the features of pencil mines. In 1770, a British scientist Joseph Priestley notes "I saw a substance perfectly adapted to the obliteration of the marks of graphite pencil on paper". This use to erase while rubbing (to rub) will give its English name to rubber "rubber". In 1770 the first latex gums are sold in England by Edward Naime with the very high price of three shillings the small cube of an half-inch. These gums to be erased became black and were sold under the name of "skin of negro". The latex is a natural vegetable matter, it browns and hardens with the air then is degraded and rots like very foodstuff. The use of these first gums was not very practical. The discovery of vulcanization by Charles Goodyear in 1839 completely modified the use of the latex which becomes imputrescible rubber, resistant to the cold and heat, not sticking, etc. While becoming more practical, the gum to be erased is democratized starting from half of the XIXe century. The first gum patent fixed at the end of a pencil is deposited into 1878 in the USA.

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